One-Person CPR
To perform one-person CPR, place dog on right side. Extend head (support the neck with your knee). Use one breath for every four chest compression per minute.

Two-Person CPR
- Lay the dog on it’s right side
- extend the dogs head, clear it’s air passages and apply mouth to nose respiration
- as above (15 times per minute, one respiration for every four chest compressions)
- the second person should start external cardiac massage at the point on the chest where   the elbow meets the chest if   the upper arm (or humerus) is parallel to the dog’s back.
- compress the chest approximately two to four centimeters, about 60 times per minute
- small dogs should have their chest compresses between fingers

Choking
Symptoms include the dog having difficulty breathing, lips and tongue turning a blue, and then a desperate pawing at face and then collapsing.
- First pull the dog’s tongue forward to inspect for an object and remove it if possible
- If you are unable to reach the object, strike the chest wall forcibly with the palm of your   hand while the dog is lying on    it’s side, try this three to four times. If this is a larger   breed, give three to four forceful chest compressions.
- Once the object has been dislodged, remove it from the mouth
- If the dog doesn’t start to breath, start mouth to nose respiration Diarrhea

This condition is evident when the dog frequently pass’s abnormally soft or watery stool, with or without mucus or blood. Most cases are not emergencies.
- try not feeding the adult dog for 24 hours and 6-8 hours for puppies
- feed a bland diet, example cooked hamburger and boiled, drained rice….no spices
- Pepto Bismol, one tablespoon per 10 kilograms body weight, every 4-6 hours, may   help
- gradually put the dog back on there regular diet
- if the problem continues, see a veterinarian and bring a stool sample
- if diarrhea is uncontrollable, or if the dog is very weak and dehydrated, see a   veterinarian immediately.

Distended Abdomen
- Symptoms include a swollen, painful abdomen, vomiting, retching, groaning and   difficulty breathing. This condition can vary from mild to serious.
- no action is required for overeating, but prevention can keep this discomfort from   happening.
- Bloat or it’s medical term gastric torsion is a potentially fatal emergency. Seek   veterinary care immediately

External Wounds
Punctures are small, caused from things like thorns, silvers, nails and so forth. Scratches and abrasions are usually caused from falling, car accidents, or fights with other animals. Lacerations, the tearing of skin edges, usually resulting from car accidents and contact with broken glass, nails or knives.
- In order to control bleeding
- apply direct pressure with pad covered by gauze roll and adhesive tape
- For severe hemorrhage of an extremity, apply a tourniquet above the wound, just tight   enough to allow oozing from the wound. Release the tourniquet every 10 minutes; only   use the tourniquet if direct pressure fails.
- clean the would gently but thoroughly
- use antiseptic and remove any foreign objects and then bandage with antibiotic ointment
- See a Veterinarian; some wounds may require suturing and systemic antibiotics

Eye Damage
Symptoms include the dog continuously starching, rubbing, at the eyes; the eyes maybe closed tight or swollen; there is a lot of discharge, hemorrhage, or spasms of the eyelid; the eyeball hangs from the socket. Minor infections maybe treated with an antibiotic ointment or drops.
- prevent the dog from rubbing and possibly causing further damage to the eye
- remove any foreign objects that are easily removed
- do not attempt to remove objects that prove difficult to dislodge
- if the eyeball is out of the socket keep it moist by surrounding the eye with a gauze   square that has been soaked in   saline (contact-lens solution)
- if the problem is caused by a chemical irritation, flush the eye with water
- do not touch the eyeball directly and NEVER use sharp objects near the eye
- permanent blindness could result – take dog to the veterinarian immediately

Heatstroke
In most cases it is caused from a dog being left in a car in hot weather. The dog will show signs of excess panting with obvious signs of distress, disorientation, weakness; the rectal temperature will be greater then 41 degree’s Celcius, will have bright red gums, vomiting and shock.
- immediately submerge the dog’s body in cool water (or spray with a hose)
- Take the dog’s rectal temperature on a regular basis
- Hypothermia may result from overcooling; dry the dog off once a rectal temperature of   40 Celcius is achieved
- take the dog to a veterinarian

Lameness
In most cases lameness is not an emergency, so you can make an appointment to see a veterinarian. The most typical signs of lameness are limping with pain, or the animal is unable to use the leg; the limb is set at an abnormal angle; there is bruising, swelling, or protruding bone fragments.
- first take care of life threatening issues, example bleeding
- Make a temporary splint for a fracture that is evident, but do not attempt to reset the   bone.
- Cover any exposed bone with sterile dressing
- If the dog struggles profusely, don’t continue, rush the dog to a vet
- Paralysis indicates possible spinal damage, so prevent moving the head, neck and back. Transport the animal to the   veterinary clinic without delay.

Poisons   
Typical signs of poisoning include vomiting, diarrhea, seizures, caustic lesions on the face or paws, excessive drooling, depression, weakness and shock.
- Induce vomiting with one teaspoon hydrogen peroxide or ipecac syrup (keep a sample   of vomit for testing for the    veterinarian)
- do not induce vomiting if poison is corrosive, like strong acids, petroleum-based   products
- if the skin has been in contact with the poison, wash the area thoroughly
- take your dog with a sample of the poison to the veterinarian immediately, there maybe   an antidote.

Respiratory
There is a strong heartbeat and pulse, but the animal is not breathing.
- Remove any objects from the nose and mouth that maybe blocking the airways.
- If arrest is due to drowning, lift the hind legs to allow water to drain out.
- Start mouth to nose (as talked about above)
- Take the animal to the veterinarian.

Seizures
You may find that the animal is restless before a seizure, then muscles twitch, head shaking, dilated pupils, increased salivation, loss of consciousness, depending on seizure mild to violent muscle movements , rapid leg movement, elevated respiratory rate, loss of bodily functions, following these events the animal usually starts to recover to an almost-normal state.
- to help the animal from hurting itself, try using a blanket for padding, and keep the   animal is low light.
- DO NOT place your hand in the dog’s mouth
- take the dog to the veterinarian

Shock
Shock is usually caused by a traumatic event, example heatstroke, allergic reaction etc. Signs include: rapid heart beat, weak pulse, rapid or noisy breathing; the individual may be pale, have white gums and lips, be in a depressive state, cool extremities and have dilated pupils.
- immediately take dog to the veterinarian
- control bleeding
- keep the animal warm
- start CPR or artificial respiration
- If the dog must be transported and is too heavy to pick up or badly injured, should be   carried in a blanket by two   people.
- If not so serious, a large dog can be picked up by holding him around the chest and   under the abdomen or grasp the   dog around the chest and rump

Vomiting
For adult dogs do not feed for 24 hours and withhold water for 12 hours. If it is a puppy, then withhold water for 6 hours and food for 8 hours.
- follow veterinarian instructions and administer the medication
- call veterinarian if the vomiting continues

Remember: When an animal is in pain, it can inflict serious injuries on the people that are trying to help them. Please make sure to muzzle your pet prior to attempting to help them, you cannot help if your injured. Always follow first-aid with advice from the veterinarian.

Next: You are what you eat